3.p.3 Recognize How Energy Can Be Transferred From One Object to Another Assessment

Summary

With an introduction to the ideas of energy, students discuss specific free energy types and applied energy sources. Associated easily-on activities assist them identify energy types in their surroundings and raise their understanding of the concept of free energy.

This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).

Technology Connection

We apply energy in all its forms about every twenty-four hour period. Engineers study these forms of energy to help create things that make our lives easier. Currently, engineers are looking for better ways to produce electricity to proceed energy affordable and less destructive to the environment. They are also investigating alternative fuel sources for utilize in vehicles, such every bit biofuels from algae and hydrogen from water.

Learning Objectives

Afterward this lesson, students should be able to:

• Define free energy and identify the different types that exist.
• Define potential and kinetic energy.
• Relate specific energy types to different engineering projects.
• Describe the role of engineering in finding and testing various energy sources for electricity production.

Educational Standards

Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 scientific discipline, technology, engineering or math (Stalk) educational standards.

All 100,000+ G-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged past the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org).

In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.yard., by state; within source by type; e.grand., scientific discipline or mathematics; within blazon by subtype, then by class, etc.

NGSS: Next Generation Science Standards - Science

NGSS Performance Expectation
four-PS3-2. Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from identify to place by audio, light, heat, and electric currents. (Grade 4) Practice you agree with this alignment? Thanks for your feedback!
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This lesson focuses on the post-obit Three Dimensional Learning aspects of NGSS:
Science & Engineering Practices	Disciplinary Core Ideas	Crosscutting Concepts
Make observations to produce information to serve as the footing for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution. Alignment understanding: Thanks for your feedback!	Energy can be moved from place to place past moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents. Alignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Free energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, lite, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from i object to another, thereby changing their motility. In such collisions, some free energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. Alignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Light also transfers free energy from place to place. Alignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! Energy can also be transferred from place to place past electric currents, which tin can and so exist used locally to produce motility, sound, rut, or light. The currents may accept been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. Alignment understanding: Thank you for your feedback!	Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Alignment understanding: Cheers for your feedback!

International Applied science and Engineering Educators Association - Engineering

• Tools, machines, products, and systems use energy in club to exercise work. (Grades three - five) More Details

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• Energy comes in different forms. (Grades iii - 5) More than Details

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Land Standards

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Worksheets and Attachments

Visit [www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_energy2_lesson01] to print or download.

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Introduction/Motivation

Yous cannot always come across energy, touch it or hold it in your hand, simply energy is everywhere.

Energy is the ability to practise work, to brand things happen and to crusade changes. Free energy cannot be made or destroyed; it can only exist changed into different forms. Can you proper noun a form of energy? (Examples: Calorie-free, heat, electricity, sound.) From where do you lot think we go electricity? (Possible answers: Power plant, the outlet in the wall, food.) Can yous call up of an example in which energy is changed from one class to some other? How about a light bulb? Nosotros turn it on by plugging information technology into the wall. What happens when y'all leave a light bulb on for a while? It gets hot! Well, that is an example of electrical energy irresolute into heat energy from the vibration of the filament, as well as producing low-cal!

Now, let'south retrieve almost a gas-fueled electricity plant. A power plant produces electricity by changing the chemical free energy in fuel into electrical energy. Offset, gas is burned within the plant, converting its chemic free energy into heat. Next, the estrus turns water into steam, which moves a turbine motor or generator. Finally, the generator produces electricity.

This steam-based applied science was showtime discovered in the early on 1700s when engineers began to figure out ways to use the energy in steam released by boiling water. They developed engines that converted steam energy into mechanical free energy for utilize in farm and factory machinery, and later for trains and cars. Historians frequently cite the development of the steam engine as the start of a menstruum in modernistic history called the industrial revolution.

We classify free energy in two ways. First is potential free energy, which is the amount of energy something has stored within it. Annihilation can accept potential energy. A bombardment has potential free energy stored past a difference in ionic concentration; even you have potential energy, every bit you sit in your chair. How much potential energy you have depends on a few things, including how high up y'all are and how big yous are. Side by side is kinetic free energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy. Mechanical objects, such equally a clock or a person on a skateboard, have kinetic free energy, but and so practise light, audio, current of air and water. Can you see examples of energy around the classroom? Well, today nosotros are going to discover some of these examples and learn about how engineers work with different types of energy.

Write the following phrases on the lath and discuss with the grade.

What is energy?

• The ability to do work or crusade change.
• Work is the awarding of a force through a altitude. (Enquire students for examples, such as moving a box across the room, sweeping, etc.)

Force can put matter into motion or end information technology if it is already moving.

Motion is a change in position of an object with time.

• To do work, free energy is needed.

From where does energy come?

• Natural free energy sources: food, water, plants, trees, gravity, sun, fossil fuels, uranium, plutonium
• Ways that humans have harnessed or converted natural free energy sources: hydroelectric dams, coal/oil power plants, nuclear power plants, wind turbines, solar panels, etc.

What are different types of energy? (See the Vocabulary/Definitions section.)

• Kinetic energy: electrical, lite, thermal, solar, sound, air current, hydro
• Potential free energy: chemical, mechanical, nuclear, gravitational

How exercise nosotros apply energy?

• To break downwardly and digest food (in our bodies)
• To heat houses and other buildings
• To illuminate lights
• To power televisions, phones, games, cars
• To run computers and appliances

Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers

Energy takes many forms. Thermal energy (or heat) boils water, keeps us warm and drives engines. Chemic energy fuels automobiles and airplanes. Electrical energy drives many modest machines and keeps lights glowing. Almost every form of energy can exist converted into other forms. Simply whatever course information technology is in, energy is essentially the capacity for making something happen or, equally engineers and scientists say, "doing piece of work."

Figure 1. The energy cycle from the sunday to our homes.

copyright

Copyright © 2005 Natalie Mach, graduate boyfriend, ITL Program, College of Technology, University of Colorado Bedrock, using clip art © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, I Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA. All rights reserved.

Well-nigh all our energy comes to us ultimately from the sun (see Effigy ane). We get some free energy directly via passive solar lighting and heating, or solar power cells. All the same, nigh energy comes indirectly via called-for fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), which received their free energy from fossilized plants and other organisms. The plants and organisms originally obtained their energy straight from the sun by a process called photosynthesis. Some of these sources of energy are renewable and others nonrenewable or limited in their bachelor quantity.

Associated Activities

• What Is Energy? Curt Demos - In 3 short demonstrations, students larn about some of the forms of energy normally found around us.

  Watch this activeness on YouTube

• Free energy Detectives at Work - Students become engineering science detectives and find examples of energy all around the classroom or school.

Lesson Closure

Today nosotros started learning about energy and engineering. Can you ascertain and describe the word "energy?" What types of energy tin you see, feel or hear? (Possible answers: Rut, low-cal, sound, movement.) Why would an engineer care virtually energy? (Respond: Engineers develop products that use energy. Engineers help develop ways to shop energy for our utilise.)

Assign students the Free energy Vocabulary Quiz to judge their mastery in understanding the uses of free energy in their surroundings and the key types of energy.

Vocabulary/Definitions

biomass free energy: An energy resource derived from organic matter. Many people use biomass energy to heat their homes; they fire wood. Many agricultural crops are also biomass. For instance, corn can exist fermented to produce ethanol that is burned as a liquid fuel. Wood is a renewable energy source as long as cutting copse are replaced immediately.

chemical free energy: The energy stored on the chemical bonds of molecules that it released during a chemical reaction. Chemical energy holds molecules together and keeps them from moving apart. For case, a car engine uses chemical energy stored in gasoline, and moving people apply chemical energy from food.

electric energy: Electrical free energy exists when charged particles attract or repel each other. Television sets, computers and refrigerators employ electrical free energy.

free energy: The ability to exercise work.

kinetic energy: The free energy of move. For case, a spinning top, a falling object and a rolling ball all have kinetic energy. The motion, if resisted by a forcefulness, does work. Wind and water both accept kinetic energy.

light energy: Visible light energy, such every bit from a light bulb or fireflies or stars, is just one form of electromagnetic energy. Others forms include infrared and ultraviolet light.

mechanical energy: Mechanical energy is energy that can exist used to do piece of work. It is the sum of an object'southward kinetic and potential energy.

nonrenewable energy: Free energy from sources that are used faster than they can be created. Sources include oil (petroleum), natural gas, coal and uranium (nuclear).

nuclear energy: Nuclear energy is the energy found inside the nucleus of atoms and can only be released when atoms are separate. Some ability companies that supply homes, schools and buildings with electricity use nuclear energy to generate electricity.

potential free energy: Potential energy is the energy stored past an object as a result of its position. A roller coaster at the top of a colina has potential energy.

renewable energy: Free energy that is made from sources that tin exist regenerated. Sources include solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean and hydro (water).

audio free energy: Aural energy that is released when you talk, play musical instruments or slam a door.

thermal energy: Estrus free energy produced when the molecules of a substance vibrate. The more than rut a substance has, the more rapid the vibration of its molecules. Heat energy flows from places of higher temperature to places of lower temperature.

Assessment

Pre-Lesson Assessment

Discussion: Ask students the following questions:

• What is energy? (Possible answers: The ability to practice work or crusade alter and the capacity for vigorous activity. Work is the application of a forcefulness through a distance [ask for examples]. Force tin can put matter into motion or terminate it if it is already moving. Motility is a change in position of an object with time. To exercise work, energy is needed.)
• From where does free energy come? (Answers: Power plants, people, food, low-cal, windmills, turbines, fires, etc.)
• What are unlike types of energy? (Answers: Chemical, thermal, mechanical, potential, kinetic, solar, sound, nuclear, etc. [see the Vocabulary / Definitions section].)
• How do we utilise energy? (Possible answers: Our bodies use energy to break downwards and digest food. We utilise energy to heat houses and buildings, to plow on lights, to power televisions, radios, cars, computers, appliances, etc. Sound energy is used in communication and to notice fish in the ocean!)

Mail service-Introduction Assessment

Have-Home Definitions: Enquire students to ask several members of their families for definitions of a specific free energy form, and then look up the definition in the lexicon. Take them write down comparisons of these definitions and a reason why each might exist different. Share these explanations with the grade.

Lesson Summary Assessment

Energy Identifier: Bring to class examples or images of the following objects. Have students place the type of free energy that is related to each item and the energy transfer that occurs. You could ready up stations around the room or plow it into a game in which the students earn points for each type of energy correctly identified.

• Fan (Answer: Uses electric energy; produces kinetic energy.)
• Battery (Answer: Stores chemical energy.)
• Assistant (Reply: A source of chemical energy.)
• Flashlight (Answer: Uses chemical energy; produces light free energy.)
• Radio (Respond: Uses electric free energy; produces sound energy.)
• Guitar (Answer: Uses chemic free energy from a person [energy from the food they eat]; produces sound free energy.)
• Candle (Answer: Uses chemical free energy; produces light and thermal free energy.)
• Waterfall (Answer: The h2o has potential energy at the top of the falls and kinetic free energy at the bottom of the falls.)

Vocabulary Review: Administrate the Energy Vocabulary Quiz to estimate students' understanding of the ways energy is used in their surround and the fundamental energy types.

Lesson Extension Activities

Accept students research the source of your local utility company'due south electricity. Is it coal, natural gas, hydro, nuclear, current of air or some combination? Many local utility companies provide detailed websites and extensive K-12 outreach programs for schools. A representative may fifty-fifty come up to your classroom or lead a field trip.

For students with loftier reading comprehension, use the Free energy Vocabulary Worksheet to reinforce their agreement of the cloth.

References

Consumer Energy Center, California Energy Commission. Accessed September fourteen, 2005. (information on energy efficiency, alternative fuel vehicles, renewable energy) http://world wide web.consumerenergycenter.org/index.html

Energy Kid'south Page. Energy Information Assistants, U.S. Department of Free energy. Accessed September 14, 2005. ( energy facts, fun & games, energy history, classroom activities) http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/

Energy Quest: Kid'south Folio. Updated 2004. California Energy Commission. Accessed September 14, 2005. (Fun, interactive website for kids and teachers) http://world wide web.energyquest.ca.gov/index.html

Graham, I., Taylor, B, Farndon, J. and Oxlade, C. Science Encyclopedia, 1999, pp. 78-90.

Science Projects. Updated March 14, 2005. Energy Quest: Kid's Page, California Free energy Commission. Accessed September 14, 2005. (scientific discipline projects and free energy activities for Yard-12 students) http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/index.html

Copyright

© 2005 by Regents of the University of Colorado

Contributors

Sharon D. Perez-Suarez; Natalie Mach; Malinda Schaefer Zarske; Denise W. Carlson

Supporting Program

Integrated Pedagogy and Learning Program, College of Engineering science, University of Colorado Bedrock

Acknowledgements

The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed nether grants from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.Due south. Department of Education and National Science Foundation GK-12 (grant no. DGE 0338326). However, these contents practice non necessarily represent the policies of the Section of Teaching or National Science Foundation, and you lot should not assume endorsement past the federal government.

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